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Bond Valuation – Basic Principles

By Richard Daniels Reading Time: 7 mins
Updated April 8, 2021
bonds-valuation-image

Bond Valuation Bond valuation is made on the basis of principle that works behind valuation of direct claim securities. The principle is that a bond value is derived from the associated cash flows it generates e.g. coupon receipt and par recovery at maturity. So the bond valuation is directly associated with the value of securing […]

Difference between Bonds and Shares

By Richard Daniels Reading Time: 4 mins
Updated April 7, 2021
difference-between-bonds-and-shares-image

Bonds and Shares A question that people probably ask what is the difference between bonds and shares. If you have a little bit knowledge about bonds and shares, you may easily respond to this question! Difference between bonds and shares is that stocks are shares in the ownership, while bonds are a form of debt […]

Working Capital Management

By Richard Daniels Reading Time: 10 mins
Updated April 6, 2021
working-capital-management-image

Working Capital It is an important aspect of Business Organization, and it is all about the working capital management that company easily meets the day to day expenses of business. Before going in depth of working capital management, we should know about the working capital. The term “working capital” can be described in two further […]

Operating Leverage Formula and Application

By Richard Daniels Reading Time: 4 mins
Updated April 5, 2021
operating-leverage-formula-image

Operating Leverage Formula The effect of little change in the sales on the returns on equity. It means that the small decline in the sales results in the large decline in the ROE (in case the sales are below breakeven point). The operating leverage formula is: Operating Leverage (OL) = Fixed Costs / Total Costs […]

Dividend Theories – Payout | Residual Dividend Model

By Richard Daniels Reading Time: 4 mins
Updated March 30, 2021
dividend-theories-image

Dividend and Dividend Payout Before talking about dividend payout theories, let’s talk about the first dividend and the dividend payout. Dividend is a part of profit which is distributed among the shareholders. Where dividend payout is related to the policy of a company that specifies the quantity of net income. That paying in the form […]

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Business Study Notes

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